Hydraulics

Analysis of spillway hydraulics using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).]

The hydraulic design of a dam includes a knowledge of, but not limited to, the following foundational topics: pressurized and free-surface flow, uniform flow, gradually and rapidly varied flow, steady and unsteady flow, energy and momentum principles, energy losses, and cavitation. ^[1]

Types of Evaluations

Types of Hydraulic Modeling

Selection of either a one-, two-, or three-dimensional hydraulic model is necessary depending on both the complexity of the flow conditions and the level of accuracy required of the model. Hydraulic modeling helps to attain a higher-optimized level of operation of the dam and reduce uncertainty.

“Maintaining the high efficiency of a spillway requires careful design of the spillway crest, the approach configuration, and the piers and abutments. For this reason, when design considerations require departure from established design data, model studies of the spillway system should be accomplished”.^[1]

“A model study is recommended to confirm any design that involves complex geometric considerations and/or large discharges and velocities”.^[1]