Hazard Potential Classification
“Hazard Potential: The possible adverse incremental consequences that result from the release of water or stored contents due to failure of the dam or mis-operation of the dam or appurtenances”. [1]
“Hazard Potential Classification: A system that categorizes dams according to the degree of adverse incremental consequences of a failure or mis-operation of a dam. The hazard potential classification does not reflect in any way on the current condition of the dam (e.g., safety, structural integrity, flood routing capacity)”. [1]
“Three classification levels are adopted as follows: LOW, SIGNIFICANT, and HIGH, listed in order of increasing adverse incremental consequences. The classification levels build on each other, i.e., the higher order classification levels add to the list of consequences for the lower classification levels”. [1]
“The hazard potential classification system should be utilized with the understanding that the failure of any dam or water-retaining structure, no matter how small, could represent a danger to downstream life and property. Whenever there is an uncontrolled release of stored water, there is the possibility of someone, regardless of how unexpected, being in its path”. [1]
“This hazard potential classification system categorizes dams based on the probable loss of human life and the impacts on economic, environmental, and lifeline interests. Improbable loss of life exists where persons are only temporarily in the potential inundation area. For instance, this hazard potential classification system does not contemplate the improbable loss of life of the occasional recreational user of the river and downstream lands, pass-by, or non-overnight outdoor user of downstream lands. It should be understood that in any classification system, all possibilities cannot be defined. High usage areas of any type should be considered appropriately. Judgement and common sense must ultimately be a part of any decision on classification. Further, no allowances for evacuation or other emergency actions by the population should be considered because emergency procedures should not be a substitute for appropriate design, construction, and maintenance of dam structures”. [1]
“(1) Low Hazard Potential: Dams assigned the low hazard potential classification are those where failure or misoperation results in no probable loss of human life and low economic and/or environmental losses. Losses are principally limited to the owner’s property. (2) Significant Hazard Potential: Dams assigned the significant hazard potential classification are those dams where failure or mis-operation results in no probable loss of human life but can cause economic loss, environmental damage, disruption of lifeline facilities, or can impact other concerns. Significant hazard potential classification dams are often located in predominantly rural or agricultural areas but could be located in areas with population and significant infrastructure. (3) Dams are assigned the high hazard potential classification are those where failure or mis-operation will probably cause loss of human life”. [1]
“Significant variations of dam classification systems exist among state and federal dam safety agencies. Despite these differences, it is apparent that each system attempts to classify dams according to the potential impacts that would result from a dam failure. One significant problem with these various systems is the use of terms that lack clear definition (e.g., ‘will cause loss of life,’ ‘may cause loss of life’). The various dam classification systems also use different terminology to define similar concepts (e.g., ‘Significant Hazar,’ ‘Moderate Hazard,’ ‘Class II,’ ‘Class B’). This hinders consistency and communication between the various federal and state agencies and understanding by the public. More consistent use of the existing hazard potential classification system is therefore recommended to support consistent application of IDF selection guidelines”. [2]
“FEMA’s Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Hazard Potential Classification System for Dams (2004) was developed to address inconsistencies between the various federal and state agencies and provide recommended guidelines regarding the hazard classification of dams. This hazard potential classification system for dams is simple, clear, concise, and adaptable to any agency’s current system. The intent of this classification system is to provide straightforward definitions that can be applied consistently and uniformly by all federal and state dam safety agencies and can be readily understood by the public”. [2]
“It should be understood that the ‘hazard potential’ is the possible adverse incremental consequences that result from the release of water or stored contents due to failure or misoperation of the dam. Incremental consequences are defined as the impacts that would occur due to failure or misoperation of the dam over those that would have occurred without failure or misoperation of the dam. The hazard potential assigned to a dam is based on consideration of the incremental adverse effects of failure during both normal and flood flow conditions. Hazard potential does not indicate the structural integrity of the dam itself, but rather the consequences should dam failure occur”. [2]
Examples
Best Practices Resources
Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Hazard Potential Classification System for Dams (FEMA P-333)
Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94)
Trainings
Citations:
Revision ID: 2786
Revision Date: 09/13/2022