Cavitation: Difference between revisions
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"Cavitation damage is initiated by spillway flows over a defect along the flow surface. The defect creates localized negative pressures within the flow which create vapor bubbles. Individual vapor bubbles converge and form larger vapor cavities. When the vapor cavities impact the flow surface they implode and generate large forces which damage the flow surface. Cavitation generally requires long flow durations (weeks or months) to produce significant damage. The potential for cavitation damage to initiate can be predicted with the cavitation index, which is a function of the flow velocity, the pressure along the flow surface and the vapor pressure of water. | "Cavitation damage is initiated by spillway flows over a defect along the flow surface. The defect creates localized negative pressures within the flow which create vapor bubbles. Individual vapor bubbles converge and form larger vapor cavities. When the vapor cavities impact the flow surface they implode and generate large forces which damage the flow surface. Cavitation generally requires long flow durations (weeks or months) to produce significant damage. The potential for cavitation damage to initiate can be predicted with the cavitation index, which is a function of the flow velocity, the pressure along the flow surface and the vapor pressure of water." <ref name="DForg">[https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/concrete-lined-spillways-are-vulnerable/ Lesson Learned: Concrete-lined spillways are vulnerable to significant damage and potential reservoir breach if flows are not safely contained within the conveyance structure, William Fiedler, ASDSO, 2022]</ref> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
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==Best Practices Resources== | ==Best Practices Resources== | ||
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR]] | |||
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations)|Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) ( | {{Document Icon}} [[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603) | Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE]] | ||
{{Document Icon}} [[Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42)|Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42) | {{Document Icon}} [[Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42) | Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42), USBR]] | ||
==Trainings== | ==Trainings== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:02, 11 July 2023
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| Learn more about the dangers of cavitation at DamFailures.org |
"Cavitation damage is initiated by spillway flows over a defect along the flow surface. The defect creates localized negative pressures within the flow which create vapor bubbles. Individual vapor bubbles converge and form larger vapor cavities. When the vapor cavities impact the flow surface they implode and generate large forces which damage the flow surface. Cavitation generally requires long flow durations (weeks or months) to produce significant damage. The potential for cavitation damage to initiate can be predicted with the cavitation index, which is a function of the flow velocity, the pressure along the flow surface and the vapor pressure of water." [1]
Examples
Learn more about the damage that was caused by cavitation at Glen Canyon Dam (DamFailures.org)
Best Practices Resources
Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE
Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42), USBR
Trainings
On-Demand Webinar: Intro to Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways
On-Demand Webinar: Designing Spillways to Mitigate Failure Modes
Citations:
Revision ID: 7124
Revision Date: 07/11/2023