https://damtoolbox.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Legal_Responsibilities_%28Public_Safety%29Legal Responsibilities (Public Safety) - Revision history2026-04-11T23:23:16ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.40.0https://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=7151&oldid=prevMpollei@gfnet.com at 20:14, 11 July 20232023-07-11T20:14:45Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2004</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Mpollei@gfnet.comhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5783&oldid=prevGrichards at 22:29, 15 December 20222022-12-15T22:29:17Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "[[Public Safety|public safety]] is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, [[Public Safety|public safety]] on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "[[Public Safety|public safety]] is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, [[Public Safety|public safety]] on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams." <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams." <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5636&oldid=prevRmanwaring at 14:54, 14 December 20222022-12-14T14:54:40Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "[[Public Safety|public safety]] is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, public safety on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "[[Public Safety|public safety]] is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Public Safety|</ins>public safety<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams." <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams." <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA, 2004]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Rmanwaringhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5090&oldid=prevGrichards at 06:51, 9 December 20222022-12-09T06:51:04Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:51, 9 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "public safety is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, public safety on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, [[Public Safety|public safety]] around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Public Safety|</ins>public safety<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, public safety on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<noautolinks><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref></noautolinks> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams. <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">" </ins><ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5089&oldid=prevGrichards at 06:50, 9 December 20222022-12-09T06:50:42Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, public safety around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "public safety is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, public safety on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<ref name="ASDSO"><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Public Safety<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"According to the [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April of 2004, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Public Safety|</ins>public safety<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>around dams is a top priority for dam owners and regulators. The guidelines read "public safety is of paramount importance at all dams and [[reservoirs]]. Specifically, public safety on the reservoir, in areas adjacent to the reservoir, and below the dam should be considered, particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]], posting of safety instructions at highly visible and key locations, and providing audible safety warnings upstream of and below outlets as appropriate."<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><noautolinks></ins><ref name="ASDSO">Public Safety At Dams (damsafety.org), ASDSO, 2022</ref<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">></noautolinks</ins>> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams. <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep, they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]], economic, and personal damage. Furthermore, when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam, victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law and litigation have underscored the need for dam owners, operators, and other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases such as Marston v. General Electric (2014), Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014), and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence or inactivity regarding the establishment and maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator, the legal action can be time consuming and expensive. Because of the risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their dams. <ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5088&oldid=prevGrichards at 06:49, 9 December 20222022-12-09T06:49:47Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:49, 9 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><noautolinks>Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reduce </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hazard and liability </del>of dam <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precedent</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Here </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a list </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">common, but not comprehensive, steps:</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"According </ins>to the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety]] published by FEMA in April </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2004, public safety around dams is a top priority for </ins>dam <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">owners </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulators</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The guidelines read "public safety </ins>is of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paramount importance at </ins>all dams and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[reservoirs]]. Specifically</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">public safety on the reservoir</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in areas adjacent to the reservoir</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">below the </ins>dam <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">should be considered</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">particularly in recreational areas. Safety measures should include identification of high watermarks to indicate past or probable reservoir levels and [[streamflows]]</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">posting of safety instructions at highly visible </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">key locations, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">providing audible safety warnings upstream of </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">below outlets as appropriate."<ref name="ASDSO">[[Public Safety]] At Dams (damsafety.org)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ASDSO</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2022</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify, inventory, and recognize </del>all <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low head </del>dams <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in their portfolio </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jurisdiction</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify all potential co-owners</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">partners</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stakeholders, funding sources</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">authorities</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"Because dam owners bear the responsibility of upkeep</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">they are also primarily responsible when dams fail and cause [[environmental]]</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">economic</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and personal damage. Furthermore</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">when a non-failure incident (such as a drowning or injury) occurs at a dam</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">victims and families have increasingly turned to the courts to sue dam owners for negligence. Recent developments in case law </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">litigation have underscored the need for dam owners</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">operators</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">other professionals to be vigilant and proactive in efforts to secure the safety of the area around their properties. Cases </ins>such as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Marston v. General Electric (2014)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Suchy v. City of Geneva (2014)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and Volpe v. City of Lexington (2011) have set precedent for determining liability due to negligence </ins>or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inactivity regarding the establishment </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maintenance of enhanced safety precautions at and around dams. Even in cases that were dismissed or determined in favor of the dam operator</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">legal action can be time consuming </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">expensive. Because of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">risks and legal liabilities involved with dam management, it is of absolute importance that owners and operators appropriately address risk and potential hazards at and around their </ins>dams<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins><ref name="ASDSO"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Contact State and Federal Dam Safety authorities for help in </del>dam <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inventory</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ownership</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">use quantification </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hazard assessment</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify existing programs for mitigation </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">public education assistance with local and national emergency response agencies</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">police and fire departments</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and wildlife and boating organizations</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Promote a public education campaign using social media</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">web pages</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">signs</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pamphlets</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">interpretive displays</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">public service announcements </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">warnings</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">newspapers</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">magazines</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Develop non-structural mitigation strategies </del>such as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">signage</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fences, log booms</del>, or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">barriers creating portages </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">exclusion zones</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#With your engineer</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quantify </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">simulations</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low head </del>dams <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and funding sources </del><ref name="ASDSO"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>Fact Sheet: Public Safety At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> <</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noautolinks</del>></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5087&oldid=prevGrichards at 05:48, 9 December 20222022-12-09T05:48:32Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:48, 9 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{</del>noautolinks>Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue to reduce the hazard and liability of dam ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus and precedent. Here is a list of common, but not comprehensive, steps:</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><</ins>noautolinks>Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue to reduce the hazard and liability of dam ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus and precedent. Here is a list of common, but not comprehensive, steps:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify, inventory, and recognize all low head dams in their portfolio and jurisdiction</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify, inventory, and recognize all low head dams in their portfolio and jurisdiction</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify all potential co-owners, partners, stakeholders, funding sources, and authorities</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify all potential co-owners, partners, stakeholders, funding sources, and authorities</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Contact State and Federal Dam Safety authorities for help in dam inventory, ownership, and use quantification and hazard assessment</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Contact State and Federal Dam Safety authorities for help in dam inventory, ownership, and use quantification and hazard assessment</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify existing programs for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>mitigation<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and public education assistance with local and national emergency response agencies, police and fire departments, and wildlife and boating organizations</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify existing programs for mitigation and public education assistance with local and national emergency response agencies, police and fire departments, and wildlife and boating organizations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Promote a public education campaign using social media, web pages, signs, pamphlets, interpretive displays, public service announcements and warnings, newspapers, and magazines</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Promote a public education campaign using social media, web pages, signs, pamphlets, interpretive displays, public service announcements and warnings, newspapers, and magazines</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>structural<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-structural mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Public Safety<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> <noautolinks<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</del>></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: Public Safety At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> <<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>noautolinks></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5086&oldid=prevGrichards at 05:48, 9 December 20222022-12-09T05:48:03Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:48, 9 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-[[structural]] mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-[[structural]] mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: [[Public Safety]] At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> </<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noautolinks</del>></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: [[Public Safety]] At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> <<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noautolinks</ins>/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5085&oldid=prevGrichards at 05:47, 9 December 20222022-12-09T05:47:27Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue to reduce the hazard and liability of dam ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus and precedent. Here is a list of common, but not comprehensive, steps:</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{noautolinks></ins>Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue to reduce the hazard and liability of dam ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus and precedent. Here is a list of common, but not comprehensive, steps:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify, inventory, and recognize all low head dams in their portfolio and jurisdiction</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify, inventory, and recognize all low head dams in their portfolio and jurisdiction</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify all potential co-owners, partners, stakeholders, funding sources, and authorities</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Identify all potential co-owners, partners, stakeholders, funding sources, and authorities</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-[[structural]] mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop non-[[structural]] mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: [[Public Safety]] At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name="ASDSO">Fact Sheet: [[Public Safety]] At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">> </noautolinks</ins>></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Legal_Responsibilities_(Public_Safety)&diff=5084&oldid=prevGrichards at 05:46, 9 December 20222022-12-09T05:46:14Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:46, 9 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Paragraph here</del>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Several steps have been identified for dam owners to pursue to reduce the hazard and liability of dam ownership and to proceed with the ‘actions of a reasonable person' that is the legal litmus and precedent. Here is a list of common, but not comprehensive, steps:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify, inventory, and recognize all low head dams in their portfolio and jurisdiction</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Examples==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify all potential co-owners, partners, stakeholders, funding sources, and authorities</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Website Icon}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Contact State and Federal Dam Safety authorities for help in dam inventory, ownership, and use quantification and hazard assessment</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Best Practices Resources==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Identify existing programs for </ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[mitigation</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] and public education assistance with local and national emergency response agencies, police and fire departments, and wildlife and boating organizations</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Document Icon}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Promote a public education campaign using social media, web pages, signs, pamphlets, interpretive displays, public service announcements and warnings, newspapers, and magazines</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Trainings==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Develop non-[[structural]] mitigation strategies such as signage, fences, log booms, or barriers creating portages and exclusion zones</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Video Icon}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#With your engineer, quantify the flow ranges when these low head dams are most hazardous using models and simulations</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Develop structural mitigation solutions or removal options for the low head dams and funding sources <ref name</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"ASDSO">Fact Sheet: [[Public Safety]] At Dams For Dam Owners, ASDSO, 2022</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below--></div></td></tr>
</table>Grichards