Inspections - Revision history

Mpollei@gfnet.com at 17:47, 19 July 2023

2023-07-19T17:47:51Z

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 [[Category:Surveillance and Monitoring]]
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 <!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
 “Inspections of dams are necessary to ensure that they are functioning properly and safely. Inspections shall accomplish the following:<ref name="NOMM">[[National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance | National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance, NRCS, 2003]]</ref>

Mpollei@gfnet.com at 16:05, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T16:05:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 11 July 2023
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	<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>		<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
	{{Document Icon}} [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911) \| Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments, FEMA~~, 2016~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911) \| Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments, FEMA]]
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA~~, 2005~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA]]

	==Trainings==		==Trainings==

Grichards at 22:31, 21 February 2023

2023-02-21T22:31:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 21 February 2023
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	{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/kLocKA27hrg YouTube: Introduction to Inspecting Dams for Owners and Operators]		{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/kLocKA27hrg YouTube: Introduction to Inspecting Dams for Owners and Operators]
	{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]		{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]
			{{Website Icon}} [[Technical Seminar: Inspection and Assessment of Dams]]

	<!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below-->		<!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below-->

Rmanwaring at 14:26, 14 December 2022

2022-12-14T14:26:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:26, 14 December 2022
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	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
	“Inspections of dams are necessary to ensure that they are functioning properly and safely. Inspections shall accomplish the following:<ref name="NOMM">[[National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance \| National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance, NRCS, 2003]]</ref>		“Inspections of dams are necessary to ensure that they are functioning properly and safely. Inspections shall accomplish the following:<ref name="NOMM">[[National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance \| National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance, NRCS, 2003]]</ref>
	*"Assess performance of the dam;
	*"Determine compliance with the O&M Plan;		* "Assess performance of the dam;
	*"Assess the adequacy of previous O&M activities;		* "Determine compliance with the O&M Plan;
	*"Identify O&M needs;		* "Assess the adequacy of previous O&M activities;
	*"Identify conditions that may threaten life and property;		* "Identify O&M needs;
	*"Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and		* "Identify conditions that may threaten life and property;
	*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />		* "Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and
			* "Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />

	“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time." <ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>		“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time." <ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>
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	==Types of Inspection==		==Types of Inspection==
	There are many different types of dam inspections including:		There are many different types of dam inspections including:
	*[[Technical Inspection]]		* [[Technical Inspection]]
	*[[Emergency Inspection]]		* [[Emergency Inspection]]
	*[[Owner Inspection]]		* [[Owner Inspection]]
	*[[Comprehensive Evaluation]]		* [[Comprehensive Evaluation]]
	*[[Conduit Inspection]]		* [[Conduit Inspection]]
	*[[Confined Space Entry]]		* [[Confined Space Entry]]
	*[[Remotely Operated Vehicle Inspection]]		* [[Remotely Operated Vehicle Inspection]]

	The specific requirements associated with each of these types of inspections may differ based upon regulatory jurisdiction of the dam.		The specific requirements associated with each of these types of inspections may differ based upon regulatory jurisdiction of the dam.

	==Best Practices Resources==		<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
	{{Document Icon}} [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911)\|Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments ~~(Federal Emergency Management Agency)~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911) \| Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments, FEMA, 2016]]
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)\|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams ~~(Federal Emergency Management Agency)~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]

	==Trainings==		==Trainings==
	{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/lIvGH5bux5Q Dam Owner Academy: Dam Inspections]		{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/lIvGH5bux5Q Dam Owner Academy: Dam Inspections]

Grichards at 23:30, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T23:30:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:30, 7 December 2022
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	*[[Comprehensive Evaluation]]		*[[Comprehensive Evaluation]]
	*[[Conduit Inspection]]		*[[Conduit Inspection]]
			*[[Confined Space Entry]]
			*[[Remotely Operated Vehicle Inspection]]

	The specific requirements associated with each of these types of inspections may differ based upon regulatory jurisdiction of the dam.		The specific requirements associated with each of these types of inspections may differ based upon regulatory jurisdiction of the dam.

Grichards at 21:48, 5 December 2022

2022-12-05T21:48:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 5 December 2022
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	*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />		*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />

	“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. ~~The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.~~<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>		“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time." <ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>

	“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve [[drilling]], testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything about an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />		“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve [[drilling]], testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything about an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />
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	==Types of Inspection==		==Types of Inspection==
	~~"Four~~ types of inspections ~~may be required over the life of a practice~~:~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		There are many different types of dam inspections including:
	#"Monitoring of all practices should be routinely conducted to observe operation and assess performance. On-site monitoring may be accomplished by anyone, including landowners, operators, O&M personnel, and NRCS personnel. <ref name="NOMM" />		*[[Technical Inspection]]
	~~#"Special inspections shall be made during or immediately following the occurrence of major events such as floods, earthquakes, vandalism, and the initial filling of a reservoir. <ref name="NOMM" />~~		*[[Emergency Inspection]]
	~~#"Annual inspections shall be performed on all~~ [[~~structural~~]] ~~practices to determine if they are functioning as designed. For ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams, a qualified engineer shall assist~~ with ~~the annual inspection and sign/certify the inspection report for at least~~ each of ~~the first 3 years after the structure is installed and accepted by NRCS. The downstream floodplain that could be inundated by the failure~~ of ~~all ‘low’ and ‘significant’ hazard dams shall be evaluated at least once every 5 years to determine the current hazard classification. <ref name="NOMM" />~~		*[[Owner Inspection]]
	~~#"Formal~~ inspections ~~shall be conducted under~~ the leadership of a qualified engineer at least once every 5 years for ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams and class I and II dikes. The State Conservationist shall determine if inspections are required for other potentially hazardous practices”.~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*[[Comprehensive Evaluation]]
			*[[Conduit Inspection]]

			The specific requirements associated with each of these types of inspections may differ based upon regulatory jurisdiction of the dam.

	==Best Practices Resources==		==Best Practices Resources==

Grichards at 21:40, 5 December 2022

2022-12-05T21:40:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 5 December 2022
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	“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>		“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>

	“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve [[drilling]], testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything [[about]] an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />		“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve [[drilling]], testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything about an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />

	“Furthermore, the condition of a dam or its foundation can change with time, due either to a natural ‘aging’ process or to the effects of such outside influences as earthquakes, long-term impoundment, or extreme weather variations. Again, observation and evaluation of continuing performance can provide the clues that something is taking place that requires further investigation and may require correction. Thus, field examinations, record reviews, the provision of additional data when required, and periodic reevaluation assume a paramount role in maintaining dam safety”.<ref name="EM 7570" />		“Furthermore, the condition of a dam or its foundation can change with time, due either to a natural ‘aging’ process or to the effects of such outside influences as earthquakes, long-term impoundment, or extreme weather variations. Again, observation and evaluation of continuing performance can provide the clues that something is taking place that requires further investigation and may require correction. Thus, field examinations, record reviews, the provision of additional data when required, and periodic reevaluation assume a paramount role in maintaining dam safety”.<ref name="EM 7570" />
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	#"Annual inspections shall be performed on all [[structural]] practices to determine if they are functioning as designed. For ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams, a qualified engineer shall assist with the annual inspection and sign/certify the inspection report for at least each of the first 3 years after the structure is installed and accepted by NRCS. The downstream floodplain that could be inundated by the failure of all ‘low’ and ‘significant’ hazard dams shall be evaluated at least once every 5 years to determine the current hazard classification. <ref name="NOMM" />		#"Annual inspections shall be performed on all [[structural]] practices to determine if they are functioning as designed. For ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams, a qualified engineer shall assist with the annual inspection and sign/certify the inspection report for at least each of the first 3 years after the structure is installed and accepted by NRCS. The downstream floodplain that could be inundated by the failure of all ‘low’ and ‘significant’ hazard dams shall be evaluated at least once every 5 years to determine the current hazard classification. <ref name="NOMM" />
	#"Formal inspections shall be conducted under the leadership of a qualified engineer at least once every 5 years for ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams and class I and II dikes. The State Conservationist shall determine if inspections are required for other potentially hazardous practices”.<ref name="NOMM" />		#"Formal inspections shall be conducted under the leadership of a qualified engineer at least once every 5 years for ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams and class I and II dikes. The State Conservationist shall determine if inspections are required for other potentially hazardous practices”.<ref name="NOMM" />

	~~==Frequency of Inspections==~~
	~~[Paragraph here]~~

	~~==Regulatory Requirements==~~
	~~[Paragraph here]~~

	==Best Practices Resources==		==Best Practices Resources==

Grichards at 01:39, 18 November 2022

2022-11-18T01:39:06Z

Grichards at 17:15, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T17:15:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:15, 16 September 2022
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	----		----
	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
	“Inspections of ~~installed practices~~ are necessary to ensure that they are functioning properly and safely. Inspections shall accomplish the following:<ref name="NOMM">[[National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance \| National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance, NRCS, 2003]]</ref>		“Inspections of dams are necessary to ensure that they are functioning properly and safely. Inspections shall accomplish the following:<ref name="NOMM">[[National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance \| National Operation and Maintenance Manual: For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance, NRCS, 2003]]</ref>
	*"Assess performance of the ~~practice~~;~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Assess performance of the dam;
	*"Determine compliance with the O&M Plan;~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Determine compliance with the O&M Plan;
	*"Assess the adequacy of previous O&M activities;~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Assess the adequacy of previous O&M activities;
	*"Identify O&M needs;~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Identify O&M needs;
	*"Identify conditions that may threaten life and property;~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Identify conditions that may threaten life and property;
	*"Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and ~~<ref name="NOMM" />~~		*"Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and
	*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />		*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />

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	[Paragraph here]		[Paragraph here]

	~~==Examples==~~
	~~{{Website Icon}}~~
	==Best Practices Resources==		==Best Practices Resources==
	{{Document Icon}} [[~~National Operation~~ and ~~Maintenance~~ Manual: ~~For Conservation Practices Installed with NRCS Assistance~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911)\|Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]
			{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)\|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]
	==Trainings==		==Trainings==
	{{Video Icon}}		{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/lIvGH5bux5Q Dam Owner Academy: Dam Inspections]
			{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/kLocKA27hrg YouTube: Introduction to Inspecting Dams for Owners and Operators]
			{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]

	<!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below-->		<!-- For information on notation for in text citations visit https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite Or simply enclose the citation as shown <ref> citation </ref> in the location of the in text mention. Citations will automatically populate below-->

Rmanwaring at 15:35, 8 September 2022

2022-09-08T15:35:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 8 September 2022
Line 10:		Line 10:
	*"Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and <ref name="NOMM" />		*"Identify any changed conditions that may affect the hazard classification; and <ref name="NOMM" />
	*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />		*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />

			“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in construction … and, perhaps most important of all, during operation, by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>

			“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve drilling, testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything about an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />

			“Furthermore, the condition of a dam or its foundation can change with time, due either to a natural ‘aging’ process or to the effects of such outside influences as earthquakes, long-term impoundment, or extreme weather variations. Again, observation and evaluation of continuing performance can provide the clues that something is taking place that requires further investigation and may require correction. Thus, field examinations, record reviews, the provision of additional data when required, and periodic reevaluation assume a paramount role in maintaining dam safety”.<ref name="EM 7570" />

	==Types of Inspection==		==Types of Inspection==

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:39, 18 November 2022
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
			[[Category:Surveillance and Monitoring]]
	----		----
	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
Line 11:		Line 12:
	*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />		*"Develop a schedule to address O&M needs”.<ref name="NOMM" />

	“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in construction … and, perhaps most important of all, during operation, by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>		“Dams are built on the ground of materials extracted, in one form or another, from the ground; nature does not create a perfect dam site; there are always imperfections or areas of potential trouble. Identifying every such imperfection is not always possible no matter how extensive and thorough an investigation is made. However, limiting the potential for dam failures is possible: in design … in [[construction]] … and, perhaps most important of all, during [[operation]], by inspections assessing both how actual performance compares with the designer’s prediction of performance and whether there are any trends indicating that adverse changes are occurring with time. The last of these activities – the periodic inspection program during operation – is the main subject of this guide”.<ref name="EM 7570">[[Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams (EM 7570) \| EM 7570 Guide for Safety Evaluation and Periodic Inspection of Existing Dams, NRCS, 1980]]</ref>

	“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve drilling, testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything about an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />		“As the term ‘periodic inspection’ implies, evaluation of the safety of a dam and its appurtenant works is a never-ending process. While detailed onetime investigations that involve [[drilling]], testing, and analysis are important and can provide much information that is necessary to help assess dam adequacy, they cannot be wholly conclusive by themselves, nor are the conclusions drawn necessarily valid for all time. As noted above, ensuring that one knows everything [[about]] an existing structure and its foundation is never possible; therefore, observation and evaluation of continuing performance are essential to help close the gaps in this knowledge”.<ref name="EM 7570" />

	“Furthermore, the condition of a dam or its foundation can change with time, due either to a natural ‘aging’ process or to the effects of such outside influences as earthquakes, long-term impoundment, or extreme weather variations. Again, observation and evaluation of continuing performance can provide the clues that something is taking place that requires further investigation and may require correction. Thus, field examinations, record reviews, the provision of additional data when required, and periodic reevaluation assume a paramount role in maintaining dam safety”.<ref name="EM 7570" />		“Furthermore, the condition of a dam or its foundation can change with time, due either to a natural ‘aging’ process or to the effects of such outside influences as earthquakes, long-term impoundment, or extreme weather variations. Again, observation and evaluation of continuing performance can provide the clues that something is taking place that requires further investigation and may require correction. Thus, field examinations, record reviews, the provision of additional data when required, and periodic reevaluation assume a paramount role in maintaining dam safety”.<ref name="EM 7570" />
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	#"Monitoring of all practices should be routinely conducted to observe operation and assess performance. On-site monitoring may be accomplished by anyone, including landowners, operators, O&M personnel, and NRCS personnel. <ref name="NOMM" />		#"Monitoring of all practices should be routinely conducted to observe operation and assess performance. On-site monitoring may be accomplished by anyone, including landowners, operators, O&M personnel, and NRCS personnel. <ref name="NOMM" />
	#"Special inspections shall be made during or immediately following the occurrence of major events such as floods, earthquakes, vandalism, and the initial filling of a reservoir. <ref name="NOMM" />		#"Special inspections shall be made during or immediately following the occurrence of major events such as floods, earthquakes, vandalism, and the initial filling of a reservoir. <ref name="NOMM" />
	#"Annual inspections shall be performed on all structural practices to determine if they are functioning as designed. For ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams, a qualified engineer shall assist with the annual inspection and sign/certify the inspection report for at least each of the first 3 years after the structure is installed and accepted by NRCS. The downstream floodplain that could be inundated by the failure of all ‘low’ and ‘significant’ hazard dams shall be evaluated at least once every 5 years to determine the current hazard classification. <ref name="NOMM" />		#"Annual inspections shall be performed on all [[structural]] practices to determine if they are functioning as designed. For ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams, a qualified engineer shall assist with the annual inspection and sign/certify the inspection report for at least each of the first 3 years after the structure is installed and accepted by NRCS. The downstream floodplain that could be inundated by the failure of all ‘low’ and ‘significant’ hazard dams shall be evaluated at least once every 5 years to determine the current hazard classification. <ref name="NOMM" />
	#"Formal inspections shall be conducted under the leadership of a qualified engineer at least once every 5 years for ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams and class I and II dikes. The State Conservationist shall determine if inspections are required for other potentially hazardous practices”.<ref name="NOMM" />		#"Formal inspections shall be conducted under the leadership of a qualified engineer at least once every 5 years for ‘significant’ and ‘high’ hazard dams and class I and II dikes. The State Conservationist shall determine if inspections are required for other potentially hazardous practices”.<ref name="NOMM" />